بررسی اثر سن گیاه زعفران بر میزان تولید محصول آن در استان لرستان

کشت زعفران به دلیل نیاز آبی کم در سال‌های اخیر در استان لرستان مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر توسعة پایدار کشت محصول زعفران صورت گرفته است. بدین منظور طی یک سال متوالی 1396- 1397 سه منطقه در شهرستان‌های کوهدشت، کوهنانی و خرم‌آباد و در یک پژوهش میدانی در هر منطقه، پنج مزرعه به‌صورت نمونه انتخاب شد. پارامتر بررسی‌شده، سن مزارع از یک تا پنج سال در سه منطقة کوهدشت، کوهنانی و خرم‌آباد بوده است. در این پژوهش خصوصیات گل و وزن خشک کلالة زعفران همزمان با بازدیدهای فنولوژیک روزانه از سطح مزارع تعیین شد. نتایج در هر دو سال نشان دادند در هر سه منطقه، سن، مهم‌ترین عامل تغییر عملکرد بوده است؛ به طوری که با افزایش سن گیاه زعفران تا چهار سال، بازدهی زعفران روند صعودی و سپس کاهش یافته است. اثر سن مزرعه بر عملکرد گل و کلالة زعفران ازنظر آماری معنادار بوده که مشخص شد کمترین عملکرد برای مزارع یک، دو و پنج‌ساله و بیشترین عملکرد برای مزارع سه و اوج آن چهارساله بوده است. طی بررسی نقش دما در دو سال متوالی مشاهده شد که در سال 1396 متوسط دما بیشتر بوده و طبیعتاً طول مدت گل‌دهی کاهش یافته است؛ بر این اساس میزان عملکرد زعفران در این سال نسبت به سال 1397 مقدار کمتری را نشان می‌دهد که بیانگر نقش دمای دورة گل‌دهی در افزایش عملکرد است.

Saffron is a very popular medicinal plant and the most expensive spice in the world. It is highly considered in traditional medicine for the treatment of varied diseases. From among Iranian agricultural crops, it is one of the most valuable products. Due to its special characteristics, its production and export can be developed. As the largest producer and exporter of saffron in the world, Iran accounts for more than 90% of global saffron production. In 2018, more than 71% of the global export of saffron belonged to Iran. Lorestan Province is becoming one of the important areas for cultivating this crop due to its natural conditions and farmers’ interest. This study tried to identify the factors affecting the sustainable development of this crop. For this purpose, during the two consecutive years of 2017 and 18, 3 regions in Kuhdasht, Kuhnani, and Khorramabad townships were selected, in which 5 sample farms were chosen based on the field research. The selected farms had a planting history of 1 to 5 years. Several quadrants were established in the farms and the phenological measurements were recorded based on them. The statistics of these farms were collected to determine the required yields. The means and ANOVA comparisons were applied to analyze the results. The studied parameter was farm age from 1 to 5 years in the 3 regions of Kuhdasht, Kuhnani, and Khorramabad townships. In this investigation, saffron flower characteristics and dry weights of stigma were determined simultaneously with daily phenological inspections of the farms. The results in both years revealed that age was the major factor in yield change in all the 3 regions in a way that saffron yield increased with increasing farm age up to 4 years and then decreased. The effects of farm age on saffron flower and stigma yields were statistically significant. It was found that the lowest and highest yields were respectively related to the 1-, 2-, and 5-year-old farms and 3-year-old farms with a peak yield for the 4-year-old farms. During the study of the role of temperature in the two consecutive years, it was observed that the average temperature had been higher in 2017 and thus the flowering duration had decreased. Accordingly, saffron yield in this year compared to 2018 showed a smaller value, which indicated the role of temperature in yield enhancement during the flowering period. Yield differences were significant in the 3 studied regions. The highest and lowest yields were related to Kuhnani and Khorramabad farms, respectively.