“اثر رژیم‌های آبیاری بر کارایی مصرف آب زعفران “

یک آزمایش در طرح نواری براساس یک طراحی بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در فصل رشد ۲۰۱۶-۲۰۱۷ در شهرستان بخریز، استان خراسان رضوی، ایران انجام شد تا عملکرد کمی و کارایی مصرف آب چند معیار زعفران در پاسخ به حجم‌های مختلف آبیاری و فواصل زمانی را مطالعه کند. فواصل آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل افقی (عامل A) در چهار سطح (a1=15، a2=30، a3=45 و a4=90 روز) و حجم آب آبیاری به‌عنوان عامل عمودی (عامل B) در چهار حجم (b1=250، b2=500، b3=1000 و b4=1250 مترمکعب در هکتار) تخصیص داده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بالاترین عملکرد گل و پیاز زعفران در تیمار a2b3 (حجم کل آب ۶۰۰۰ مترمکعب در هکتار) به‌دست آمد. بالاترین کاهش در عملکرد پیاز در تیمار a4b1 (حجم کل آب ۷۵۰ مترمکعب در هکتار) با کاهش ۷۲.۱٪ نسبت به a1b2 (حجم کل آب ۵۵۰۰ مترمکعب در هکتار) مشاهده شد.

An experiment was conducted in a strip-plot layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in the 2016-2017 growing season at the Bakhrez county, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran in order to study quantitative performance and water use efficiency of a few saffron criteria in response to different irrigation volumes and intervals. Irrigation intervals was allocated as horizontal factor (factor A) in four levels (a1=15, a2 =30, a3 = 45, and a4 = 90 days) and irrigation water volume performed as vertical factor (factor B) in four volumes (b1 = 250, b2 = 500, b3 = 1000 and b4 = 1250 m3.ha-1).

The results showed that the highest saffron flower and corm yields were obtained in the a2b3 treatment (total water volume of 6000 m3.ha-1). The highest reduction in corm yield is shown in the a4b1 treatment (total water volume 750 m3.ha-1) with a decrease of 72.1% compared to a1b2 (total water volume 5500 m3.ha-1). The lowest fresh flower yield was obtained in the a4b1 treatment (total water volume 750 m3.ha-1) with a decrease of 76.5% compared to a1b2 (total water volume 5500 m3.ha-1), and the lowest yield of corm yield was shown in treatment with a4b1 volume (total water volume 750 m3.ha-1) with a decrease of 70.6% compared to the a2b3 volume (The total volume of water was 6000 m3.ha-1).

Also, the results showed that the highest decrease in corm water use efficiency was obtained in the a1b4 treatment (total water volume 13750 m3.ha-1) decreased by 85.4 percent compared to a3b1 (total volume of water 1000 m3.ha-1) and the greatest decrease in fresh flower water use efficiency was shown in the a1b4 treatment (total volume of water 13750 m3.ha-1) decreased by 82.4% compared to a2b1 (total volume of water 1500 m3.ha-1). According to the results, the use of 250 to 500 m3.ha-1 irrigation in 30-day intervals (1500 to 3000 m3.ha-1) is recommended for maximum water use efficiency in saffron cultivation.